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Scoliosis
Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. The spine curves to the side in an “S” or “C” shape. It can occur at any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents during growth spurts. Scoliosis can range from mild to severe and can impact a person’s appearance and overall health.
Causes
Idiopathic
The most common type, with no known cause. It accounts for about 80-85% of cases and is typically diagnosed in adolescents.
Congenital
Caused by malformations of the spine present at birth.
Neuromuscular
Associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy that affect the nerves and muscles.
Degenerative
Occurs in adults due to age-related changes in the spine, such as arthritis or osteoporosis.
Traumatic
Results from injury to the spine.
Symptoms
Uneven Shoulders: One shoulder may appear higher than the other.
Prominent Rib Cage: The ribs may protrude more on one side of the body.
Uneven Waist:One hip may be higher or more prominent than the other.
Back Pain: Particularly in adults with degenerative scoliosis.
Fatigue: Due to muscle strain from the abnormal curvature.
Difficulty Breathing: In severe cases, the curvature can impact lung function.
Diagnosis of Scoliosis
Physical Examination: Includes checking for asymmetry in the shoulders, waist, and hips, and forward-bending tests.
Imaging Tests: X-rays are the primary tool to confirm the diagnosis and measure the degree of curvature (Cobb angle). MRI or CT scans may be used to assess underlying conditions.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a doctor if you have:
Severe pain that doesn’t improve with rest
Pain spreading down one or both legs
Weakness, numbness, or tingling in your legs
Unexplained weight loss along with back pain
Treatment Options
Conservative Treatments:
- Observation: For mild scoliosis (less than 20 degrees of curvature), regular monitoring every 4-6 months is recommended.
- Bracing: For moderate scoliosis (20-40 degrees), wearing a brace can prevent further curvature, especially in growing children. Braces do not correct existing curves but can halt progression.
- Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles supporting the spine and improve posture and flexibility.
- Surgical Treatments: For severe scoliosis (greater than 40-50 degrees) or progressive cases, surgery may be necessary. The most common procedure is spinal fusion, where the vertebrae are fused together using bone grafts and metal rods or screws to correct and stabilize the spine.
Prevention and Management
Early Detection: Regular check-ups during childhood and adolescence to catch early signs of scoliosis.
Exercise : Maintaining good overall health and muscle strength can help manage symptoms and improve posture.
Posture : Encouraging good posture in daily activities to support spinal health.
Conclusion
Scoliosis is a condition that affects many individuals, particularly during their growth years. While mild cases may only require monitoring, more severe cases can be managed with braces or surgical intervention. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing progression and maintaining a good quality of life. With appropriate care and management, most individuals with scoliosis can lead active and healthy lives.
Located centrally on Cunningham Road in Bengaluru, our clinic is easily accessible from all parts of the city, ensuring high-quality pain management services are available to everyone.
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